Dr. John Gibbon developed a heart-lung machine that he used in 1953 to successfully complete the first open-heart operation. Because of the development of the heart-lung machine, surgeons were able to perform surgeries previously considered too risky. Improved versions of the heart-lung machine allow surgeons today to repair heart defects and damaged heart valves, and to perform bypass surgery and heart transplants.

In 1930, after witnessing the death of a patient from a pulmonary embolectomy, Gibbon conceived the idea of a machine that could support cardiac and respiratory functions during surgical procedures to repair defects in the heart and lungs. Over the next decade, Gibbon and his wife developed experimental devices that allowed them to successfully maintain complete pulmonary cardiac bypass in cats for 25 minutes. In the late 1940s, Gibbon persuaded IBM President Thomas J. Watson to provide him with the technical expertise needed to produce a more sophisticated device.

John Heysham Gibbon was born in Philadelphia and was a fourth generation physician. He received his A.B. from Princeton University in 1923, and his M.D. from Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1927.

Frederick Banting
Charles Best
Vannevar Bush
James Collip
Harry Wesley Coover
Wallace Coulter
Ray Dolby
Edith Flanigen
Robert Gallo
Ivan Getting
John Gibbon
Lloyd Augustus Hall
Elias Howe
Charles D. Kelman
Luc Montagnier
Bernard Oliver
Bradford Parkinson
Norbert Rillieux
John Roebling
Claude Shannon